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Pesticide regulation in the United States is primarily a responsibility of the Environmental Protection Agency. ==Background== In most countries, pesticides must be approved for sale and use by a government agency.〔Willson, Harold R (February 23, 1996), (Pesticide Regulations ). University of Minnesota. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.〕 In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulating pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA). Studies must be conducted to establish the conditions in which the material is safe to use and the effectiveness against the intended pest(s).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Data Requirements for Pesticide Registration )〕 The EPA regulates pesticides to ensure that these products do not pose adverse effects to humans or the environment. Pesticides produced before November 1984 continue to be reassessed in order to meet the current scientific and regulatory standards. All registered pesticides are reviewed every 15 years to ensure they meet the proper standards.〔 During the registration process, a label is created. The label contains directions for proper use of the material in addition to safety restrictions. Based on acute toxicity, pesticides are assigned to a Toxicity Class. Some pesticides are considered too hazardous for sale to the general public and are designated restricted use pesticides. Only certified applicators, who have passed an exam, may purchase or supervise the application of restricted use pesticides.〔 Records of sales and use are required to be maintained and may be audited by government agencies charged with the enforcement of pesticide regulations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Protocol for Conducting Environmental Compliance Audits under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Restricted-Use Pesticides: Dealer and Applicator Records Inspections )〕 These records must be made available to employees and state or territorial environmental regulatory agencies.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chemical Hazard Communication; U.S. Department of Labor; Occupational Safety and Health Administration )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA) )〕 The EPA regulates pesticides under two main acts, both of which were amended by the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. In addition to the EPA, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) set standards for the level of pesticide residue that is allowed on or in crops 〔Stephen J. Toth, Jr., Pesticide Impact Assessment Specialist, North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, "Federal Pesticide Laws and Regulations." March, 1996. () Retrieved on February 25, 2011.〕 The EPA looks at what the potential human health and environmental effects might be associated with the use of the pesticide.〔 Additionally, the U.S. EPA uses the National Research Council's four-step process for human health risk assessment: (1) Hazard Identification, (2) Dose-Response Assessment, (3) Exposure Assessment, and (4) Risk Characterization.〔"Assessing Health Risks from Pesticides". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/riskassess.htm〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pesticide regulation in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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